ESTUDO DE CENÁRIOS NA SIMULAÇÃO DE EVENTOS DE CHEIA NO RIO PIRANGUÇU E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NO DISTRITO INDUSTRIAL DE ITAJUBÁ – MG

Para o crescimento sustentável de uma cidade são necessários planejamento e investimento em infraestrutura. Em grande parte dos municípios brasileiros não há esse planejamento. É comum a realização de obras sem estudos considerando os eventos de cheias. Itajubá, localizada no sul do Estado de Minas Gerais, tem um distrito industrial próximo às margens do rio Piranguçu. No distrito industrial estão instaladas empresas de grande porte e de alta tecnologia, que geram mais de 3.000 empregos diretos. Em julho de 2013 teve início um projeto de construção de um aeroporto nas várzeas do rio Piranguçu. Em 07 de fevereiro de 2013, o Laboratório de Informações Hídricas (LIH) da Universidade Federal de Itajubá, registrou um cotagrama de       no rio Piranguçu, por meio de uma estação fluviométrica do Sistema de Monitoramento de Enchentes. Com base nessa abordagem, o trabalho em questão trata de simulações de propagação de cheias do rio Piranguçu no município de Itajubá-MG. Para a realização deste estudo foi utilizado o software HEC-RAS, o cotagrama coletado pelo LIH e os dados topográficos coletados em campo. Foram simulados 2 cenários: com e sem a implantação do aeroporto. Como resultados serão apresentados hidrogramas e cotagrama que descrevem o deslocamento das ondas de cheias e as manchas de inundações para os 2 cenários, com base no programa computacional Global Mapper. Palavras-chave: Inundações, HEC-RAS, Rio Piranguçu

Effects of Zn−ZnO core−shell nanoparticles on antimicrobial mechanisms and immune cell activation

The deposition of zinc−zinc oxide nanoparticles (Zn−ZnO NPs) onto porous Ta2O5 surfaces enriched with calcium phosphate by DC magnetron sputtering was investigated to improve the surface antimicrobial activity without triggering an inflammatory response. Different sizes and amounts of Zn NPs obtained by two optimized different depositions and an additional thin carbon (C) layer deposited over the NPs were explored. The deposition of the Zn NPs and the C layer mitigates the surface porosity, increasing the surface hydrophobicity and decreasing the surface roughness. The possible antimicrobial effect and immune system activation of Zn−ZnO NPs were investigated in Candida albicans and macrophage cells, respectively. It was found that the developed surfaces displayed a fungistatic behavior, as they impair the growth of C. albicans between 5 and 24 h of culture. This behavior was more evident on the surfaces with bigger NPs and the highest amounts of Zn. The same trend was observed in both reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and loss of C. albicans’ membrane integrity. After 24 h of culture, cell toxicity was also dependent on the amount of the NPs. Cell toxicity was observed in surfaces with the highest amount of Zn NPs and with the C layer, while cells were able to grow without any signs of cytotoxicity in the porous surfaces with the lowest amount of NPs. The same Zn-dose-dependent behavior was noticed in the TNF-α production. The Zn-containing surfaces show a vastly inferior cytokine secretion than the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells, indicating that the modified surfaces do not induce an inflammatory response from macrophage cells. This study provides insights for understanding the Zn amount threshold that allows a simultaneous inhibition of the fungi growth with no toxic effect and the main antimicrobial mechanisms of Zn−ZnO NPs, contributing to future clinical applications.L.F. acknowledges the University of Coimbra for the research fellowship under the scope of the i9LOGO project (POCI-01- 0247-FEDER-07260). A.C.-B. acknowledges FCT for the Ph.D. scholarships SFRH/BD/133513/2017 and COVID/BD/152169/2021. P.S. acknowledges the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) in the framework of the Strategic Funding UIDP/04050/2020 and LA/P/0069/2020. S.C. acknowledges the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) in the framework of Strategic Funding (co financed via UIDB/00285/2020 and LA/P/0112/2020

O ser, a linguagem e o habitar

Martin Heidegger traz à tona a questão da linguagem, que não apenas pertence ao “ser”, mas do “ser” que pertence a ela e nela faz morada. Ao ressignificar a linguagem, Heidegger não apenas dá um novo sentido àquilo que dizemos/pensamos sobre a realidade, mas eleva-a como instância de enunciação da verdade do ser. Somente a linguagem pode dizer a realidade e a verdade do ser homem. Habitamos a linguagem, e a linguagem nos habita

Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oil from Eucalyptus smithii against dermatophytes

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we evaluated the chemical composition of a commercial sample of essential oil from Eucalyptus smithii R.T. Baker and its antifungal activity against Microsporum canis ATCC 32903, Microsporum gypseum ATCC 14683, Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 9533, T. mentagrophytes ATCC 11480, T. mentagrophytes ATCC 11481, and Trichophyton rubrum CCT 5507. METHODS: Morphological changes in these fungi after treatment with the oil were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antifungal activity of the oil was determined on the basis of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values. RESULTS: The compound 1,8-cineole was found to be the predominant component (72.2%) of the essential oil. The MIC values of the oil ranged from 62.5μg•mL−1 to >1,000μg•mL−1, and the MFC values of the oil ranged from 125μg•mL−1 to >1,000μg•mL−1. SEM analysis showed physical damage and morphological alterations in the fungi exposed to this oil. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated the potential of Eucalyptus smithii essential oil as a natural therapeutic agent for the treatment of dermatophytosis.

Cardiovascular dysfunction in obesity and new diagnostic imaging techniques: the role of noninvasive image methods

Obesity is a major public health problem affecting adults and children in both developed and developing countries. This condition often leads to metabolic syndrome, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. A large number of studies have been carried out to understand the pathogenesis of cardiovascular dysfunction in obese patients. Endothelial dysfunction plays a key role in the progression of atherosclerosis and the development of coronary artery disease, hypertension and congestive heart failure. Noninvasive methods in the field of cardiovascular imaging, such as measuring intima-media thickness, flow-mediated dilatation, tissue Doppler, and strain, and strain rate, constitute new tools for the early detection of cardiac and vascular dysfunction. These techniques will certainly enable a better evaluation of initial cardiovascular injury and allow the correct, timely management of obese patients. The present review summarizes the main aspects of cardiovascular dysfunction in obesity and discusses the application of recent noninvasive imaging methods for the early detection of cardiovascular alterations

AVALIAÇÃO DA DESCARGA SÓLIDA EM SUSPENSÃO NOS CURSOS D’ÁGUA DA BACIA HIDROGRAFICA DO ALTO SAPUCAÍ

This paper presents an evaluation of the discharge solid matter in the water courses of the river basin of High Sapucaí, located largely in the southern state of Minas Gerais. For analysis of the discharge of sediment samples were collected in 22 water-points distributed over the basin using an indirect method of sampling. The collections were made through vertical integration point in using a portable device and in the dry season (July to October), which have seen a reduction in the level of rainfall in the region. The results of measurements off of concentration were obtained after the completion of total solids experiments performed in laboratory and the discharge of solid values were found later by calculation sets with the values of discharge net. Using data collected in the field was built a Key curve of sediment that can provide values to obtain the discharge of solid matter in the light of the discharge net. The key curve showed a good result for the values studied, allowing the use of the chart for further analysis conducted in the basin, the point of even interpolate and extrapolate values in order to determine the corresponding solid discharge. Key words: River Basin Of High Sapucaí. Sedimentological Studies. Net Discharge. Discharge on Solid Suspension. Key Curve. OLAM – Ciência & Tecnologia, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil – eISSN: 1982-7784 Rio Claro / SP, Brasil Ano VIII, Vol. 8, N.3, Julho – Dezembro / 2008 – RESUMOSO presente trabalho apresenta uma avaliação sobre a descarga sólida em suspensão nos cursos d’água da bacia hidrográfica do Alto Sapucaí, localizada em grande parte no sul do estado de Minas Gerais. Para análise dessa descarga foram coletadas amostras de sedimento-água em 22 pontos distribuídos ao longo da bacia utilizando um método indireto de amostragem. As coletas foram realizadas por meio de integrações pontuais nas verticais através de um dispositivo portátil e no período seco (julho a outubro), onde se observa uma redução do nível de chuvas na região. O resultado das medições pontuais de concentração foram obtidos após a realização de experimentos de sólidos totais efetuados em laboratório e os valores de descarga sólida foram encontrados posteriormente através de cálculos conjuntos com os valores de descarga líquida. Através dos dados coletados em campo foi construída uma curva-chave de sedimentos que pode propiciar a obtenção dos valores de descarga sólida em suspensão em função da descarga líquida. A curva-chave apresentou um bom resultado para os valores estudados, possibilitando a utilização do gráfico para outras análises realizadas na bacia, a ponto de interpolar e até mesmo extrapolar valores, a fim de se determinar a descarga sólida correspondente. Palavras-chave: Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Sapucaí. Estudos Sedimentológicos. Descarga Líquida. Descarga Sólida em Suspensão. Curva-Chave. Abstract This paper presents an evaluation of the discharge solid matter in the water courses of the river basin of High Sapucaí, located largely in the southern state of Minas Gerais. For analysis of the discharge of sediment samples were collected in 22 water-points distributed over the basin using an indirect method of sampling. The collections were made through vertical integration point in using a portable device and in the dry season (July to October), which have seen a reduction in the level of rainfall in the region. The results of measurements off of concentration were obtained after the completion of total solids experiments performed in laboratory and the discharge of solid values were found later by calculation sets with the values of discharge net. Using data collected in the field was built a Key curve of sediment that can provide values to obtain the discharge of solid matter in the light of the discharge net. The key curve showed a good result for the values studied, allowing the use of the chart for further analysis conducted in the basin, the point of even interpolate and extrapolate values in order to determine the corresponding solid discharge. Key words: River Basin Of High Sapucaí. Sedimentological Studies. Net Discharge. Discharge on Solid Suspension. Key Curve. OLAM – Ciência & Tecnologia, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil – eISSN: 1982-7784 Rio Claro / SP, Brasil Ano VIII, Vol. 8, N.3, Julho – Dezembro / 2008 – RESUMO/ABSTRAC

Comparação de Indicadores de Desenvolvimento: A Aplicação do IDH e do ISMA na região do Norte Araguaia

 O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal comparar os indicadores IDH e ISMA para avaliação dos municípios da Região Norte Araguaia. A pesquisa bibliográfica buscou primeiramente destacar os elementos teóricos de desenvolvimento sustentável e endógeno. Na sequência, fez-se a pesquisa histórica com resgate da colonização do Estado e da mesorregião Nordeste de Mato Grosso segundo recorte espacial do IMEA que no trabalho denominaremos de e Norte Araguaia em que o levantamento indica que os planos de ocupação e projetos de colonização deixarão externalidades ambientais negativas para a região e estado. Como terceira etapa tem-se a pesquisa descritiva quali-quantitativa, onde se consolida dados socioeconômicos e ambientais da região Norte Araguaia. E, por fim, a pesquisa buscou extrair os principais resultados aplicando o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano IDH e Índice de Sustentabilidade dos Municípios da Amazônia – ISMA, onde os resultados obtidos da comparação do dois indicadores apontaram que devido a sua metodologia o IDH não é capaz de revelar o verdadeiro grau de desenvolvimento da região, já a análise do ISMA apontou para a existência de uma necessidade de ajustes nas políticas institucionais e econômicas para melhorar o desempenho de sustentabilidade, que segundo a metodologia do mesmo apontou que dezenove municípios da região classificaram-se com baixo desenvolvimento sustentável, dois médios e um com índice muito baixo de sustentabilidade.

the SANAR program, 2011-2014

BACKGROUND: Brazil is an endemic country for schistosomiasis in the Latin American and Caribbean countries. Pernambuco is a higher-endemic Brazilian state among the 19 states reporting the disease in the country; schistosomiasis affects 102 (55%) of its 185 municipalities. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment cycles of the SANAR Program (Plan to Reduce and Eliminate Neglected Diseases) in Pernambuco State in Northeast Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in 2014 via a household survey in 117 hyperendemic locations in the state of Pernambuco. We compared the schistosomiasis prevalence rates in hyperendemic locations, aggregated by geographical region, before and after the intervention. The dependent variable was a positive stool test result by the Kato-Katz method, and the main exposure variable was the number of treatment cycles (one/two). The covariables were the regions of the state and socioenvironmental, socioeconomic, demographic and behavioral characteristics. RESULTS: In all, 12,969 individuals were interviewed, 8932 of whom had stool tests. Of these, 4969 (55.6%) underwent two cycles of collective treatment. Changes in the environmental conditions since 2011 were minimal. Comparison before (2011) and after (2014) treatment showed an average schistosomiasis prevalence of 18.6%, decreasing to 4.1% and 2.0% in locations with one and two treatment cycles, respectively. In 2014, the highest schistosomiasis prevalence was found in the forest area (2.8%), while the lowest was found in the northern region (1.2%) of the state. The adjusted analysis showed a lower occurrence of schistosomiasis in individuals living in areas with two treatment cycles than in individuals from areas with just one cycle (PR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.47-0.89). CONCLUSIONS: The political decision made in Pernambuco to implement the SANAR Program in 2011 greatly impacted the burden of schistosomiasis. This program was effective in reducing the occurrence of schistosomiasis in hyperendemic areas in Pernambuco, with a stronger response in areas with two cycles of collective treatment.publishersversionpublishe